Verified and reviewed by: Midwife Maria Midstam

In this five-part series, you will be able to read about premature babies and the neonatal unit.

Brain development

During weeks 28-31, the brain continues to grow rapidly. Nerve cells now have a protective fatty sheath (myelin) which allows brain impulses to travel more efficiently.
This development accelerates in the period leading up to the expected date of birth.

• Brain activity: Activity occurs in cycles, especially during dream sleep (REM sleep).
• The role of dream sleep: Important for developing the senses.
• The role of deep sleep: Significant for learning ability.
• Eye movements: During sleep, rapid movements are seen behind the closed eyelids.

The child is already reacting to low-frequency sounds and can distinguish whether a vote is male or female.

Sensory development

• Syn: The eyes are still immature and cannot yet fully regulate light to the retina.
• Flavor: The child can distinguish between sweet and on taste.
• Motor skills: Movements are still jerky and reflexive.
• Self-consolation: The child tries to comfort itself by putting its hand to its mouth, sucking on a pacifier or grabbing something close.

These movements are important signs of the child's increasing self-regulation and developmental capabilities.

Respiration and circulation

Lungs are still immature and often needs support to enable the child to breathe deeply and effectively.
Most common are CPAP treatment, where the baby breathes against a slight resistance that helps open the air sacs and improve oxygen uptake.

The child may still have difficulties in regulating heart rate and breathing, which is closely monitored in the neonatal unit.

Rapid responses

Development:

The brain's connections are strengthened and dream sleep plays a central role in the development of the senses and learning.

Sensory input:

The child reacts to voices, distinguishes between sweet and sour tastes and tries to comfort itself with sucking or grasping movements.

Breathing:

The lungs often need support with CPAP to keep the air sacs open.

Pulse regulation:

The child may have irregular breathing and heart rate, which requires monitoring.

Safety:

Proximity, subdued light and a calm environment facilitate the child's maturation.